Rev. Gilbert Tennent

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February 5: Rev. Gilbert Tennent

5 February, 2014 in February 2014 by archivist | No comments

He Was A Double Agent.

Rev. Gilbert Tennent [5 February 1703 – 23 July 1764]Born on this day, February 5, in 1703, Gilbert Tennent prepared for the ministry in the famous Log College established by his father William. Closely allied with the revival work of George Whitefield, the Tennent family were intimately involved in the first Great Awakening, which began in the 1730′s and continued up until about 1743. This revival and its religious fervor in turn played a key role in a division of the Presbyterian Church that ran from 1741 to 1758. One faction in the split, termed the New Side, favored the revival, while the opposing Old Side was generally against it. Other issues were also party to the split, but most historians point to Gilbert Tennent’s controversial sermon, “The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry” as the breaking point that brought about the split.

Seventeen years later, by the grace of God, the split was mended and the Presbyterian Church restored to unity. Thomas Murphy, in his work, The Presbytery of the Log College, discusses how Gilbert Tennnent, the man who almost single-handedly precipitated the split, was equally credited with mending the tear:

“The schism between the Synods of Philadelphia and New York was healed in the year 1758. How was the event brought about? In the minds of reflecting and godly men there was from the beginning a conviction that the separation should never have occurred. That conviction manifested itself at first in unofficial propositions for reunion, afterward in formal overtures for reunion. The Presbytery of New York, which was not present in the Synod at the time of the disruption, was particularly active in these negotiations for reconciliation. But Gilbert Tennent, the leading spirit of the disruption and the strongest man in the Church, became the chief agent in healing the breach. In fact, he had never intended that there should be a separation, but only that what he considered a wrong should be rectified. At length he became the champion for bringing the body together again. ‘He was among the first to seek a reconciliation and reunion of the parties. To promote this object he wrote and published a pamphlet entitled The Pacificator, in which he reasons strongly in favor of peace and union.’ These various efforts were successful, and the happy goal was accomplished.

“The terms on which the two parties were reunited were simply on the basis of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms. The words of the agreement between them were: ‘Both Synods having always approved and received the Westminster Confession of Faith, and Larger and Shorter Catechisms, as an orthodox and excellent system of Christian doctrine, founded on the Word of God, we do still receive the same as the confession of our faith, and also adhere to the plan of worship, government, and discipline, contained in the Westminster Directory, strictly enjoining it on all our members and probationers for the ministry that they preach and teach according to the form of sound words in said Confession and Catechisms, and avoid and oppose all errors contrary thereto.’—Records, p. 286.

“The spirit in which they came together is worthy of lasting remembrance. It is seen in this agreement: ‘All complaints and differences shall be mutually forgiven and buried in perpetual oblivion; the Synods shall unite as two contiguous bodies of Christians agreed in principle as though they had never been concerned with one another before, nor had any differences; and now join the Synods and Presbyteries upon such scriptural and rational terms as may secure peace and good order, tend to heal our broken churches and advance religion hereafter.’

Words to Live By : The Right Way to Mend Fences

Thomas Murphy concluded his comments with these words:

“Equally memorable were the piety and brotherly love by which they were actuated, as seen in the formal agreements into which they entered with each other: ‘We judge that this is a proper occasion to manifest our sincere intention, unitedly to exert ourselves to fulfill the ministry we have received of the Lord Jesus. Accordingly, we unanimously declare our serious and fixed resolution, by divine aid, to take heed to ourselves that our hearts be upright, our discourse edifying, and our lives exemplary for purity and godliness; to take heed to our doctrine, that it be not only orthodox but evangelical and spiritual, tending to awaken the secure to a suitable concern for their salvation, and to instruct and encourage sincere Christians; thus commending ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God; to cultivate peace and harmony among ourselves, and strengthen each other’s hands in promoting the knowledge of divine truth and diffusing the savor of piety among our people.’—Records, p. 288. Such men must have been very deeply imbued with the Spirit of Christ.”

[excerpted from Presbytery of the Log College, by Thomas Murphy, p. 174-176]

Image source: Engraved portrait by David Edwin [1776-1841], as published inThe Assembly’s Missionary Magazine, or Evangelical Intelligencer, vol. 1, no. 5 (May 1805), facing page [209]. Image scanned by the staff of the PCA Historical Center.

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March 8 : Gilbert Tennent [1703-1765]

8 March, 2012 in March 2012 by davidtmyers | 1 comment

This Day in Presbyterian History:  

The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry

On March 8, 1740, the Rev. Gilbert Tennent preached a message on “The Danger of a unconverted Ministry” at Nottingham, Pennsylvania.  In it, the Presbyterian leader of what became known as the New Side Presbyterians, railed against those ministers who, in his estimation, were without Christ and without God.  This, according to Tennent, was their condition because they refused to countenance the evangelistic preaching of George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, and other graduates of the Log College to the colonies during the first Great Awakening.  Tennent spared no words further, in denouncing those in the pew who were content to sit under their ministry.  Listen to his words:

“We are informed that our dear Redeemer was moved with compassion (when He saw the people.)  And what was the cause of this compassionate commotion in the heart of Christ?  It was because he saw much people as sheep having no Shepherd.  Why had the people then no teachers?  Oh yes!  They had heaps of Pharisee-teachers, that came out, no doubt after they had been at the feet of Gamaliel.  But not withstanding the great crowds of these orthodox, letter-learned and regular Pharisees, our Lord laments the unhappy case of that great number of people, who, in the days of his flesh, had no better guides.

“Is a blind man fit to be a guide in a very dangerous way?  Is a dead man fit to bring others to life?  Is a leper fit to be a good physician?  Isn’t an unconverted minister like a man who would teach others to swim, before he had learned it himself, and so is drowned in the act, and dies like a fool?”

There was no doubt in anyone’s ears that his application was to the Presbyterians ministers of his day who rejected the evangelistic preaching of himself and others.  He urged their members to reject their preaching and go to other churches where the message of life was heard clearly.

Charles Hodge later would say that this was the harshest sermon preached from any pulpit during its day.  It, and other cases, were to cause the first big schism in American Presbyterianism, known as the New Side Old Side Split.  It would last from 1741 to 1758. Eventually Gilbert Tennent realized that his words were intemperate and confessed all of that to the united church.  In fact, he was one of the forces which led to the reunion of both sides in 1758.  The Presbyterian Church was one once again.

Words to Live By:  Jesus said in John 7:24 “Stop judging by mere appearances, and make a right judgment.” (NIV)  There is a place of right judgments, but beware of judging by what seems to be the case.  It might not be, and much harm can be done by words.

Through the Scriptures: Deuteronomy 26 – 28

Through the Standards: The Only Redeemer of God’s Elect according to the Catechisms 

WLC 36 — “Who is the Mediator of the covenant of grace?
A. The only Mediator of the covenant of grace is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, on one substance and equal with the Father, in the fulness of time became man, and so was and continues to be God and man, in two entire distinct natures, and one person, for ever.”

WSC 21 — “Who is the Redeemer of God’s elect?
A. The only Redeemer of God’s elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man and so was, and continues to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever.”

Remembering Our Fathers and Brothers :
The following PCA pastors passed into glory on this day in—
1993 – Robert Richard Davis (South Florida Presbytery, PCA). Born in 1933, he graduated from Union Theological Seminary in 1961 and was ordained in the Methodist Church. Eventually he transferred first into the PCUSA and then was pastor of the Hazelwood Presbyterian Church in the years leading up to the formation of the PCA. From 1972-1987, he was pastor of the Old Cutler Presbyterian Church, Miami, FL and he led that church into the PCA in 1980. Rev. Davis is also noted as the author of a particularly helpful first-person account, My Journey Into Alzheimer’s Disease :

Robert Davis was a pastor of one of Miami’s largest churches, an outstanding preacher, a dynamic man, with a growing ministry.
But subtle changes began to take place within his brilliant mind—bizarre symptoms and behaviors patterns—and his phenomenal memory began to fade. After months of testing, the doctor broke the news—Alzheimer’s, permanent and irreversible. “I wish I could tell you it’s cancer,” his doctor said.
This book offers unusual inspiration, written by a man who remains a ministering servant to the end—using his last lucid thoughts to share with us his walk of faith into Alzheimer’s Disease.

1994 – Egon A. Middelmann (Missouri Presbytery, PCA). Born 16 March 1942, Rev. Middelmann was ordained a minister in the Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod and served as pastor of the Grace & Peace church in St. Louis. He was also largely responsible for the founding of the Old Orchard Presbyterian Church in Webster Groves, MO. The Rev. Ron Lutjens, pastor of the latter church, wrote this memorial upon the death of Rev. Middelmann:

“. . . Much of our life as a congregation still reflects the influence of Egon’s teaching and Grace & Peace’s example of living out the gospel in a 20th century setting: reaching out to marginalized people with the comfort and acceptance of Jesus Christ, weekly communion, the extension of Lord’s Day worship into regular church meals, the primacy of individual pastoral care in the life of the church, an appreciation of both the traditional and the contemporary in public worship, an acceptance of diversity of lifestyle among the membership, an enjoyment of the arts as a celebration of life, and most of all, an emphasis on living openly and honestly before one another.out of a conviction that because of the tremendous freedom Christ won for us at the cross, we do not have to pretend to be better people than we really are. It was under the preaching and teaching of Egon that many who came through Grace & Peace learned that even while we must be proclaiming Christ as the absolute answer to those around us caught up in a destructive moral and philosophical relativism, still, the holiness of God demands that the church learn to criticize itself even as it criticizes the world, since nothing but God’s Word is infallible. How reassuring for many of us was Egon’s insistence that the justification of sinners won for us at Calvary takes the fear and anxiety out of this self-criticism that the gospel calls us to.”

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