This Day in Presbyterian History:
A Plea for Tolerance or a Plan for Liberal Takeover—Which?
That was the fundamental question which was being debated in the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., in the early decades of the twentieth century in the United States. Should this historic church be allowed to have all sorts of opinions accepted within the church, or should the principles and practices of the historic Christian faith be demanded by all those who are ordained into the church leadership? This issue was brought to a head by two opposing sermons, both of which were printed and sent to the nation’s spiritual leaders.
“Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” was the sermon which started the battle over which brand of Christianity should be accepted by the leadership of the Presbyterian Church. Preached by Harry Emerson Fosdick at the First Presbyterian Church of New York City on May 21, 1922, this Baptist Associate Pastor pleaded for tolerance of more liberal views of Christianity. In reality, he affirmed that it was not necessary to believe in the sovereignty of God in history, or the inerrant Bible, or special creation. The virgin birth could be denied by pastors and those in the pew without having to leave their churches and positions. The Bible is not to be thought of as being without error and the supreme judge of all controversies of religion. Evolutionary science could be received by the visible church without harm. Negative sanctions should be placed in the past without hurting the gospel. And ecumenism is the best way to go, as far as the end times are concerned.
This message, with printing financed by John D. Rockefeller, was sent out to 130,000 pastors and leaders. Its title was changed to “The New Knowledge and the Christian Faith.”
Answering the sermon was the Rev. Clarence Macartney of Arch Street Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 13, 1922 with a sermon entitled “Shall Unbelief Win?” If all those points raised by Fosdick were valid, then Christianity would be a Christianity of opinions and principles and good purposes leading to a Christianity without worship, a Christianity without God , and a Christianity without Jesus Christ. Liberalism was progressively making the church secular, according to Clarence Macartney. This sermon was published and sent to the nation’s religious leaders as well.
These two questions, and their sermons, were the opening salvos in the modernist-fundamentalist battles of the twenties and the thirties in American Presbyterianism.
Also this day :
The Rev. John Leighton Wilson died on this day, 13 July 1886.
Words to Live By: Tolerance was pleaded by liberals. But when they became in control of the church machinery, there was no tolerance for Reformed Christendom. The latter ministers and elders were thrown out of the church. Remember dear reader – once the essentials of Christianity are thrown out, then there is no real Christianity, no worship of the Triune God, no evangelistic efforts, and no hope for heaven’s shores left. Always be ready to give an answer, or a defense, of the historic Christian faith. Fight the good fight of faith.
Through the Scriptures: Isaiah 19 – 21
Through the Standards: The Fourth commandment : Sins forbidden
WLC 119 — “What are the sins forbidden in the fourth commandment?
A. The sins forbidden in the fourth commandment are, all omissions of the duties required, all careless, negligent, and unprofitable performing of them, and being weary of them; all profaning the day by idleness, and doing that which is in itself sinful; and by all needless works, words, and thoughts, about our worldly employments and recreations.”
WSC 61 — “What is forbidden in the fourth commandment?
A. The fourth commandment forbids the omission or careless performance of the duties required, and the profaning the day by idleness, or doing that which is in itself sinful, or by unnecessary thoughts, words, and works, about our worldly employments or recreations.”
Image sources:
1. Cover image of the sermon “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” by Harry Emerson Fosdick. From an original copy located among the Fosdick miscellany collection at the PCA Historical Center.
